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  "full_text": "Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 467 Filed 11/15/21 Page 53 of 158 53 LBAGmax2 Rocchio - Direct 1 A. Sure. I think that certain things -- some psychologists use clinical judgment on whether or not a perpetrator's 2 behaviors are considered grooming. But that certainly doesn't 3 at all reference the scientific literature to determine what is 4 and is not considered grooming. In addition, we also have data 5 that's been provided by offenders themselves. 6 7 In terms of reliability and validity of these 8 judgments, the validity in psychological science refers to the 9 degree to which you are measuring this particular thing, what 10 you think you're measuring. So for example, the degree to 11 which there is significant overlap between what victims say 12 they experience and what offenders say that they have done 13 provides us with a measure of validity. 14 15 The degree to which different groups of individuals, 16 whether that's groups of professionals or groups of victims 17 agree in studies what it is that -- the process, what kinds of 18 behaviors, what's been done to the victim, what kinds of 19 behaviors are associated with the grooming process, to the 20 extent those professionals agree, that's a measure of 21 reliability. Because you're getting different studies, 22 different groups, different samples where there's significant 23 overlap in what this dynamic and what this concept is. 24 MS. POMERANTZ: I want to turn to Page 974. 25 Q. I want you to focus on the section under conclusions and 26 the first two sentences, so \"Currently.\" 27 SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C. (212) 805-0300 DOJ-OGR-00007232",
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      "content": "A. Sure. I think that certain things -- some psychologists use clinical judgment on whether or not a perpetrator's behaviors are considered grooming. But that certainly doesn't at all reference the scientific literature to determine what is and is not considered grooming. In addition, we also have data that's been provided by offenders themselves.",
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      "type": "printed",
      "content": "In terms of reliability and validity of these judgments, the validity in psychological science refers to the degree to which you are measuring this particular thing, what you think you're measuring. So for example, the degree to which there is significant overlap between what victims say they experience and what offenders say that they have done provides us with a measure of validity.",
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      "content": "The degree to which different groups of individuals, whether that's groups of professionals or groups of victims agree in studies what it is that -- the process, what kinds of behaviors, what's been done to the victim, what kinds of behaviors are associated with the grooming process, to the extent those professionals agree, that's a measure of reliability. Because you're getting different studies, different groups, different samples where there's significant overlap in what this dynamic and what this concept is.",
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      "content": "MS. POMERANTZ: I want to turn to Page 974. Q. I want you to focus on the section under conclusions and the first two sentences, so \"Currently.\"",
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