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  "full_text": "Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 467 Filed 11/15/21 Page 136 of 158 136 LBAAMAX5ps Rocchio - Cross 1 THE COURT: Can I ask, do you agree with the proposition that this was -- a version of it is that the meaning of grooming or an understanding of what constitutes grooming strategies and the like is contested in the literature? 5 THE WITNESS: I wouldn't say that it's contested. I would say that there's actually substantial agreement and there's more agreement than disagreement. So I would say that the concept is well accepted. Exactly how to define it is the piece that I think they're working on. And also which specific stages or what order and the process by which it happens, I think, is something that these authors -- well, the Winters authors -- are trying to move forward on. But I think the very concept of the idea that offenders use a variety of tactics, modus operandi, and behaviors in the process of developing a relationship with their intended victims is well established and accepted in the peer-reviewed literature and scientific community. 19 THE COURT: To the extent you're familiar with the body of literature around trauma bonding in the sex-worker context, is there a comparable sort of dialogue and discussion among -- within the field as to what is an appropriate model, what counts as -- deemed strategies and the like? 24 THE WITNESS: I'm aware of some research that's been done looking at the types of behaviors and groomings, which SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C. (212) 805-0300 DOJ-OGR-00007315",
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      "content": "1 THE COURT: Can I ask, do you agree with the proposition that this was -- a version of it is that the meaning of grooming or an understanding of what constitutes grooming strategies and the like is contested in the literature? 5 THE WITNESS: I wouldn't say that it's contested. I would say that there's actually substantial agreement and there's more agreement than disagreement. So I would say that the concept is well accepted. Exactly how to define it is the piece that I think they're working on. And also which specific stages or what order and the process by which it happens, I think, is something that these authors -- well, the Winters authors -- are trying to move forward on. But I think the very concept of the idea that offenders use a variety of tactics, modus operandi, and behaviors in the process of developing a relationship with their intended victims is well established and accepted in the peer-reviewed literature and scientific community. 19 THE COURT: To the extent you're familiar with the body of literature around trauma bonding in the sex-worker context, is there a comparable sort of dialogue and discussion among -- within the field as to what is an appropriate model, what counts as -- deemed strategies and the like? 24 THE WITNESS: I'm aware of some research that's been done looking at the types of behaviors and groomings, which",
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