{
  "document_metadata": {
    "page_number": "3",
    "document_number": "191",
    "date": "03/30/2021",
    "document_type": "court document",
    "has_handwriting": false,
    "has_stamps": false
  },
  "full_text": "Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 191 Filed 03/30/21 Page 3 of 7\nThe Honorable Alison J. Nathan\nMarch 22, 2021\nPage 3 of 7\nparty cannot properly prepare for trial without such production and inspection in advance of trial and that the failure to obtain such inspection may tend unreasonably to delay the trial; and (4) that the application is made in good faith and is not intended as a general \"fishing expedition.\"\nNixon, 418 U.S. at 699–700. In other words, the proponent of a Rule 17(c) subpoena \"must clear three hurdles: (1) relevancy; (2) admissibility; (3) specificity.\" Id. at 700. Finally, \"Rule 17(c) subpoenas may not issue prior to trial to obtain materials usable only to impeach.\" United States v. Pena, No. 15 Cr. 551 (AJN), 2016 WL 8735699, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 12, 2016) (Nathan, J.) (granting motion to quash Rule 17(c) subpoena for all records relating to cooperating witnesses); see also Nixon, 418 U.S. at 701 (\"Generally, the need for evidence to impeach witnesses is insufficient to require its production in advance of trial.\"); Cherry, 876 F. Supp. at 553 (\"[D]ocuments are not evidentiary for Rule 17(c) purposes if their use is limited to impeachment.\")\nTHE SUBPOENA FAILS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 17(C)\nThe Defendant cannot demonstrate that the Subpoena meets Rule 17(c)'s requirements for four, independent reasons. First, the Subpoena is overbroad and non-specific, and a clear fishing expedition to \"see what may turn up.\" See United States v. Avenatti, No. (S1) 19 CR. 373 (PGG), 2020 WL 86768, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 6, 2020) (denying motion for issuance of Rule 17(c) subpoena). \"Subpoenas seeking 'any and all' materials, without mention of 'specific admissible evidence,' justify the inference that the defense is engaging in the type of 'fishing expedition' prohibited by Nixon.\" United States v. Mendinueta-Ibarro, 956 F. Supp. 2d 511, 512–513 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted) (granting motion to quash Rule 17(c) subpoena).\nHere, the Subpoena plainly fails Nixon's specificity requirement. Requests 1 through 5 all seek \"communications\" between \"You\" and a designated individual or entity, including the U.S. Attorney and BSF's co-counsel, about a certain subject. The Subpoena defines \"communications\" as \"all forms of correspondence, including regular mail, email, text message, memorandum, or other written communication of information of any kind,\" and defines \"You\" as \"any owner, shareholder, partner or employee of Boies, Schiller, Flexner, LLP, including but not limited to David Boies, Sigrid McCawley, Peter Skinner and any former owner, shareholder, partner or employee, or independent contractor of the firm.\" Such broad Requests are plainly overbroad and non-specific, and do not meet the strict requirements of Rule 17(c). See, e.g., Mendinueta-Ibarro, 956 F. Supp. 2d at 512–513 (quashing subpoena that requested \"any and all writings and records' related to the [police department's] contact with a particular confidential witness\"); Pena, 2016 WL 8735699, at *3 (Nathan, J.) (holding that defendant's subpoena \"for 'any and all' records associated with the Government's cooperating witnesses for an indefinite length of time takes an impermissible shotgun approach to Rule 17(c)\"); United States v. Barnes, No. 04 Cr. 186 (SCR), 2008 WL 9359654, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 2, 2008) (quashing motion that \"blindly seeks 'all' documents and records that fall into several categories for an approximate 23-month period rather than identifiable pieces of evidence\" because \"[s]uch a blanket request implicates all of the problems associated with a classic 'fishing expedition'\"); United States v. Chen De Yian, No. 94 CR. 719 (DLC), 1995 WL 614563, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 19, 1995) (denying motion for Rule 17(c) subpoena seeking \"all records . . . pertaining to any and all investigations\" into charged murders,\nDOJ-OGR-00002879",
  "text_blocks": [
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 191 Filed 03/30/21 Page 3 of 7",
      "position": "header"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "The Honorable Alison J. Nathan\nMarch 22, 2021\nPage 3 of 7",
      "position": "header"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "party cannot properly prepare for trial without such production and inspection in advance of trial and that the failure to obtain such inspection may tend unreasonably to delay the trial; and (4) that the application is made in good faith and is not intended as a general \"fishing expedition.\"",
      "position": "body"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "Nixon, 418 U.S. at 699–700. In other words, the proponent of a Rule 17(c) subpoena \"must clear three hurdles: (1) relevancy; (2) admissibility; (3) specificity.\" Id. at 700. Finally, \"Rule 17(c) subpoenas may not issue prior to trial to obtain materials usable only to impeach.\" United States v. Pena, No. 15 Cr. 551 (AJN), 2016 WL 8735699, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 12, 2016) (Nathan, J.) (granting motion to quash Rule 17(c) subpoena for all records relating to cooperating witnesses); see also Nixon, 418 U.S. at 701 (\"Generally, the need for evidence to impeach witnesses is insufficient to require its production in advance of trial.\"); Cherry, 876 F. Supp. at 553 (\"[D]ocuments are not evidentiary for Rule 17(c) purposes if their use is limited to impeachment.\")",
      "position": "body"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "THE SUBPOENA FAILS TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 17(C)",
      "position": "body"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "The Defendant cannot demonstrate that the Subpoena meets Rule 17(c)'s requirements for four, independent reasons. First, the Subpoena is overbroad and non-specific, and a clear fishing expedition to \"see what may turn up.\" See United States v. Avenatti, No. (S1) 19 CR. 373 (PGG), 2020 WL 86768, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 6, 2020) (denying motion for issuance of Rule 17(c) subpoena). \"Subpoenas seeking 'any and all' materials, without mention of 'specific admissible evidence,' justify the inference that the defense is engaging in the type of 'fishing expedition' prohibited by Nixon.\" United States v. Mendinueta-Ibarro, 956 F. Supp. 2d 511, 512–513 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted) (granting motion to quash Rule 17(c) subpoena).",
      "position": "body"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "Here, the Subpoena plainly fails Nixon's specificity requirement. Requests 1 through 5 all seek \"communications\" between \"You\" and a designated individual or entity, including the U.S. Attorney and BSF's co-counsel, about a certain subject. The Subpoena defines \"communications\" as \"all forms of correspondence, including regular mail, email, text message, memorandum, or other written communication of information of any kind,\" and defines \"You\" as \"any owner, shareholder, partner or employee of Boies, Schiller, Flexner, LLP, including but not limited to David Boies, Sigrid McCawley, Peter Skinner and any former owner, shareholder, partner or employee, or independent contractor of the firm.\" Such broad Requests are plainly overbroad and non-specific, and do not meet the strict requirements of Rule 17(c). See, e.g., Mendinueta-Ibarro, 956 F. Supp. 2d at 512–513 (quashing subpoena that requested \"any and all writings and records' related to the [police department's] contact with a particular confidential witness\"); Pena, 2016 WL 8735699, at *3 (Nathan, J.) (holding that defendant's subpoena \"for 'any and all' records associated with the Government's cooperating witnesses for an indefinite length of time takes an impermissible shotgun approach to Rule 17(c)\"); United States v. Barnes, No. 04 Cr. 186 (SCR), 2008 WL 9359654, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 2, 2008) (quashing motion that \"blindly seeks 'all' documents and records that fall into several categories for an approximate 23-month period rather than identifiable pieces of evidence\" because \"[s]uch a blanket request implicates all of the problems associated with a classic 'fishing expedition'\"); United States v. Chen De Yian, No. 94 CR. 719 (DLC), 1995 WL 614563, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 19, 1995) (denying motion for Rule 17(c) subpoena seeking \"all records . . . pertaining to any and all investigations\" into charged murders,",
      "position": "body"
    },
    {
      "type": "printed",
      "content": "DOJ-OGR-00002879",
      "position": "footer"
    }
  ],
  "entities": {
    "people": [
      "Alison J. Nathan",
      "Nixon",
      "Pena",
      "Avenatti",
      "Mendinueta-Ibarro",
      "David Boies",
      "Sigrid McCawley",
      "Peter Skinner",
      "Barnes",
      "Chen De Yian"
    ],
    "organizations": [
      "Boies, Schiller, Flexner, LLP",
      "U.S. Attorney"
    ],
    "locations": [
      "S.D.N.Y."
    ],
    "dates": [
      "March 22, 2021",
      "03/30/2021",
      "Feb. 12, 2016",
      "Jan. 6, 2020",
      "Apr. 2, 2008",
      "Oct. 19, 1995"
    ],
    "reference_numbers": [
      "1:20-cr-00330-PAE",
      "Document 191",
      "15 Cr. 551 (AJN)",
      "No. (S1) 19 CR. 373 (PGG)",
      "No. 04 Cr. 186 (SCR)",
      "No. 94 CR. 719 (DLC)",
      "DOJ-OGR-00002879"
    ]
  },
  "additional_notes": "The document appears to be a court filing related to a criminal case, discussing the requirements of Rule 17(c) subpoenas and the defendant's failure to meet those requirements. The text is printed and there are no visible stamps or handwritten notes."
}