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  "full_text": "Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 761 Filed 08/10/22 Page 129 of 246 2424 LCGCmax4 Loftus - direct 1 A. Correct. 2 Q. You just mentioned the suggestiveness at times of 3 psychotherapy. Could you please explain to the jury what you 4 mean with regard to that. 5 A. Well, there are certain -- of course therapy can be 6 wonderful for many people, but there are some practices in some 7 psychotherapy where the therapist tells the patient that the 8 current problems are due to some buried memories of childhood 9 trauma and that they need to be recovered or retrieved in order 10 to heal the patient. Some of these patients -- some of these 11 psychotherapists have engaged in practices that have led their 12 patients to have false memories. 13 Q. But that certainly is not in every therapeutic environment? 14 A. No, absolutely not. 15 Q. Now, with regard to suggestiveness, are you familiar with a 16 concept called labeling? 17 A. Yes. 18 Q. Could you please explain to the jury what that means with 19 regard to memory. 20 A. There is a lot of classic work on labeling, which is if 21 you -- if a person sees something ambiguous and, later on, it 22 gets labeled with a particular label, that the individuals will 23 start to remember this ambiguous stimulus as something a little 24 closer to that label. 25 In one of the old classic studies, people saw a -- SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C. (212) 805-0300 DOJ-OGR-00013988",
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      "content": "1 A. Correct. 2 Q. You just mentioned the suggestiveness at times of 3 psychotherapy. Could you please explain to the jury what you 4 mean with regard to that. 5 A. Well, there are certain -- of course therapy can be 6 wonderful for many people, but there are some practices in some 7 psychotherapy where the therapist tells the patient that the 8 current problems are due to some buried memories of childhood 9 trauma and that they need to be recovered or retrieved in order 10 to heal the patient. Some of these patients -- some of these 11 psychotherapists have engaged in practices that have led their 12 patients to have false memories. 13 Q. But that certainly is not in every therapeutic environment? 14 A. No, absolutely not. 15 Q. Now, with regard to suggestiveness, are you familiar with a 16 concept called labeling? 17 A. Yes. 18 Q. Could you please explain to the jury what that means with 19 regard to memory. 20 A. There is a lot of classic work on labeling, which is if 21 you -- if a person sees something ambiguous and, later on, it 22 gets labeled with a particular label, that the individuals will 23 start to remember this ambiguous stimulus as something a little 24 closer to that label. 25 In one of the old classic studies, people saw a --",
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